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Slopes can be looked at in a few different ways. The ratio of rise to run - if a ramp is five inches high (rise) and five inches long (run) the slope is 5:5. Percentage - X units of the rise to 100 units of the run, example: 40 inches of the rise over 100 inches of the run is 40 percent slope. Degrees - the inverse tangent of the rise.
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The ADA provides good direction about ratios for wheelchair ramp slopes. The commercial and public facility standard for slope is 1:12 (in inches) or about 5 degrees of incline. For those building ramps at home, the ratio can be as steep as 3:12 or almost 15 degrees.
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This guideline is to ensure the slope of the ramp is not too steep for safe passage. National Ramp recommends no greater than a 1:8 pitch, and only for users in a power wheelchair or manual wheelchair being pushed up the ramp. Resting platforms of 4'x5' or 5'x5' should be included for every ramp run longer than 30'.
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The calculator bases the results on a slope of 1 vertical inch for each 12 horizontal inches. This is often stated as a 1 in 12 slope and is considered a standard in accessibility ramps. With this information, the builder can determine the amount of materials needed and design the ramp. Wheelchair ramps are commonly built of wood, cement or metal.
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For example, a slope of 1:12 means that for every dimensional unit of height (usually inches), the slope projects 12 units (inches). Although other slope ratios may be used for constructing your ramp, the American With Disabilities Act (ADA) recommends a 1:12 slope. For example, if your porch height is 24 inches off the ground, you'll need a 24.
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A 5′ x 5′ (minimum) resting platform is needed every 30 feet of ramp. + 5′ platforms. A 5′ x 5′ (minimum) platform is needed at the top of the ramp if there is not an existing one already. 1:12 Slope: For every inch of height from the ground, you need 1 foot of ramp length to achieve a 4.8° incline.
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Where Ramps and Curb Ramps are Required. [ §303.4] Ramps and curb ramps are required along accessible routes to span changes in level greater than ½". Elevators and, under certain specified conditions, platform lifts, can be used as an alternative. Portions of accessible routes with running slopes steeper than 5% also must be treated as ramps.
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The maximum allowable ramp slope for a wheelchair ramp is one that allows you to safely navigate the ramp without any additional assistance. Most ramps are built at 1:12 or a 20% slope, but some can be steeper depending on the type of equipment used to build it and where it's being built. For every 1" rise, there must be a ramp that is at least.
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The recommended rise to ADA ramp slope ratio is 1:12. This means that for every 1 inch of rise, 12 inches of ramp are required. Or, for every 1 inch of rise, you need 1 foot of ramp. For example, if the steps to an entryway is 24 inches high, you will need a ramp that is at least 24 feet long.
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To determine the percent of grade: divide rise by the run of ramp. Run is not the length of the ramp. The distance horizontally (not along the slope) from the top of the ramp to the bottom. (eg: 6" rise / 52" ramp run = .115 or 11.5% grade) Green blocks represent rise/run combinations that meet building codes and accessibility guidelines.
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Residential applications can use a 2:12 slope ratio if space is an issue but only if an assistant is present to help push the wheelchair or to help a person walking on the ramp. For commercial public access, a 1:12 ratio is required, check your local codes. 1:12 slope ratio (ADA Recommended) means that for every inch of rise, you will need one.
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A slope calculator formula will determine the ramp length you need based on the rise and incline requirements. According to the ADA, the maximum slope of a newly constructed ramp is 1:12 pitch, with every inch of a vertical rise requiring at least 1 foot of ramp length. This equates to a slope of about 4.8 degrees of incline.
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The Commercial Occupied Use ratio of 1:12 is the most commonly recommended slope for wheelchair ramps, however in private residences the slope can be smaller to accommodate for older construction and tighter spaces. The 1:12 slope ratio means that every one inch of vertical rise requires at least one foot (12") of ramp length.
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To build a ramp for a wheelchair: Keep at least a width of 91.5 cm (36 inches). Measure the vertical length you want to cover. Consider the slope ratio requirement your local regulations demand. For example, ADA requires a minimum slope of 1:20 and a maximum of 1:12.
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Maximum slope for hand-propelled wheelchair ramps should be 1" of rise to every 12" of length (4.8 degree angle; 8.3% grade). Maximum slope for power chairs should be 1.5" rise to 12" length (7.1 degree angle; 12.5% grade). Minimum width should be 36" (inside rails) - (48" is ideal). The "deck" or surface of the ramp should be set down between.
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At any incline, use ramp only with a qualified helper. The Incline Calculator is for calculation of rise and run only. Please refer to individual product pages for relevant application. Use the EZ-ACCESS Ramp incline calculator to find the right ramp ratio to fit your home or business's entryway.it will determine the ramp length.
